Entering International Markets Essays - 2595 Words

Entering International Markets Measuring a potential business venture has many aspects which the international manager must be aware of in order to convey the correct information back to the decision makers. Being ignorant to any of the aspects can lead to a false representation of the project, and hence an uninformed decision being passed. In order for a business to survive it must grow. For growth to be optimal, management must first be able to identify the most attractive prospective leads. The country as a whole, specifically geography, government, and financial aspects must be looked at in order to yield the best possible picture of the market a company wishes to enter. Concentration should be placed on gathering reliable facts†¦show more content†¦After sifting through the leads and finding the right ones to investigate management must formulate an international marketing plan. This further helps management in locating potential markets for their products. The first st ep is to use secondary research to find out what the sales potential is in a given market. Asking the questions of need, demand, and support gives one a starting point for research. If we were a company that sold pants we might want to ask the following questions. Is there a need for pants? Is it cold enough there to wear pants? Do people that demand the pants have money? These are the questions that one should ask of potential markets. Table 1-located at the end of the paper-shows the statistics that are needed for a general market picture. After gathering the information from the secondary research, the picture of a potential market becomes more evident. However, to make the picture clearer, one must conduct primary research. This research outlines the specifics of the potential market that directly pertain to the product. Robert Douglas book, Penetrating the International Market, addresses the issue of locating potential markets in greater detail.2 [mg1] After finding a lead that contains profitable markets it is necessary to analyze the venture as a whole. The decisions of companies must be based on the facts of reliable sources on all investments. To gather the informationShow MoreRelated Importance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets2260 Words   |  10 PagesImportance of Strategic Planning when Entering International Markets When a company decides to take their business international, there are many different factors that they need to take into account. There are differences in management styles, international laws and treaties that regulate international business, trade barriers, tariffs, taxes, exchange rates as well as cultural customs that come into play. Each of these is significant and needs to be taken into account in order to minimize potentialRead MoreThe Importance Of Entering An International Market Through A Complete Micro / Macro Analysis On The Company And The Country996 Words   |  4 Pagesthe process of â€Å"entering an international market through the adaption of the organization’s processes, transfer of knowledge and opportunities to reach a new market,† is increasingly important to growing companies of today (Khojastehpour and Johns, 2014). Once the domestic market has been saturated, a company must internationalize to continue increasing market share, grow their br and, improve customer relationships, and enhance sales. To be successful in an international market, the company mustRead MoreThe American Biscuit Company1614 Words   |  7 PagesOreos International Overview In 1898, through the merger of the midwestern American Biscuit Company, eastern New York Biscuit Company, and the United States Baking Company, Nabisco was established. In 1941 the company finally adopted the name Nabisco which was already a popular nickname for the company, before then it was called N.B.C. The chairman of the N.B.C. was Adolphus Green, who emphasized standardized products, all bakeries had the exact same recipes and standards of production. ThroughRead MoreStrategic Alliance : Strategic Alliances1241 Words   |  5 Pagespotential benefits that international business may realize from strategic alliances simplicity of market entry: Advances in telecommunications, computer technology and transportation have made entry into foreign markets by international firms easier. Entering foreign markets further confer benefits such as economies of scale and scope in marketing and distribution. The cost of entering an international market may be beyond the capabilities of a single firm but, by entering into a strategic allianceRead MoreDeveloping A New International Division1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to develop a new international division a variety of preliminary steps will need to be met. Initially, the process of selecting a team and organizing them effectively for use in an international environment in South America will be the foundation of future developments. Following this, setting in place strategies for cultural challenges in addition to other typical pitfalls that may come with entering a new environment is also crucial to creating an effective plan for the firm’s de velopmentRead MoreEssay on Information on the Republic of Chile532 Words   |  3 Pagessuitable country and market for the Australian leisure and gym wear business ‘Alvernian’ to successfully enter into. This expansion will involve a serious commitment of both financial and human resources therefore it is imperative to investigate the country of Chile and formulate strategies upon entering. This was discovered through resources such as business textbooks, library books and the World Wide Web. This report will also outline the key elements of the international business environmentRead MoreVodafone’s Strategies in the Indian Market1163 Words   |  5 PagesProject Outline – YM Vodafone’s strategies in the Indian Market ABSTRACT Global corporations have been vastly and quickly shifting their products/services into emerging markets around the world. With the advancements in technology, faster communication and easier channels to reach the consumer, barriers and country borders seem very faint. Although there has been numerous success storied of MNE’s crossing oceans and achieving success overseas, there are numerous considerations, assessments andRead MoreStarbucks : A Global Company987 Words   |  4 PagesAs Starbucks moves into new markets all over the world, it continues to build its brand through the delivery of the Starbucks Experience. Our success at every market that we have entered into reiterates our commitment to become a great, enduring company with the most recognized and respected brand in the world, known for inspiring and nurturing the human spirit. Our Mission: to be a global company, making a difference in peoples lives by leveraging our brand and the coffee experience to fosterRead MoreAdvantages And Advantages Of Global Business Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal business is a thriving economical industry where goods and services are bought and sold across a number of countries. A key factor of International trade is the degree that currency and exchange thrive as the rates rise and fall. There are many disadvantages and advantages to taking a business venture overseas which can be achieved via the following mechanisms; exporting, licensing, franchising and establishing joint ventures within a host country. However deciding which entry to take isRead MoreCase Study Aol: Lost in Translation1289 Words   |  6 Pagesin entering the Brazilian Market! When entering a foreign market, as AOL entered the Brazilian Market, certain rules and regulations have to be followed. In case of AOL the controllable and uncontrollable elements are playing a significant role. The main problem of AOL’s strategy in Brazil was the insufficient research about typical country terms and condition. Controllable elements, such as product, price, promotion and the channels of distribution have to be adapted to the target market.

Integration And Into The Public Health World - 1590 Words

What is Integration? Where did it come from? Why is the world accepting integration / into the public health world? How many are there and are there any located in my town? Integrations definition is the focus on providing the right care in the right place. Integration came from a friendship between 50 organizations and 100 individual partners. This alliance seeks information, adjustments and the support of efforts that advance health and lower the costs. This friendship is responsible for helping clients get the care that they need, and when the need it. Also, they help make sure the clients get the upmost kindness in their need of care. According to the online source www.skainfo.com there are 4,753 hospitals that include integrated†¦show more content†¦Integration has many positive effects in the health care society. This new health and social care provide three superior outcomes. The first is that integration makes the restricted resources go further. The system gives an expansion on communication. This system also advances the involvement of health, care and support. An example is that integration provides an expansion on communication. The health care provider gives face-to-face communication, attending meetings to better educate for what is best for you and etc. Health care providers give evidence based practice, meaning these providers research, plan and review to make sure the patient is given the upmost best quality care as possible. Integration allows them to be able to predict the future problem to fend one off for example substance abuse. Online I had run by a few fun facts on the positives of having integrative health care, here are a few of them. Half of all the behavior health disorders are handled in prime care. When integration is involved 67% of people with behavior health disorders do not get the health treatment. There are 30-50% of referrals are from prime care to an outpatient health clinic. These people do not make the first appointment. Eighty percent of behavioral health customers deal with prime care at least one time in a year. According to the website news.stanford.edu, consumers â€Å"who

World of Board Games free essay sample

Since a game like Forbidden Island was designed to encourage collaboration between the players, the class was divided into several small-sized self-management teams that would be responsible to learn how to play Forbidden Island together under minimal supervision. In addition to the challenging task of capturing the four treasures while keeping the island from sinking, the class was also tasked with reflecting on the course material as it applies to our individual experience as a member of the team of adventurers while playing Forbidden Island. According to organizational behavior theory, working together as a self-managed team typically allows team members to perform challenging and complex tasks that require a high level of interdependence among members. Furthermore, self-managed teams that demonstrate high group cohesiveness and collective efficacy are more likely to successfully achieve goals and accomplishments. In fact, subject matter experts agree that the tasks that are usually assigned to self-managed teams enhance intrinsic motivation by encouraging the team members to utilize a variety of skills in order to complete the entire assigned task. With a common end goal in sight, I simply assumed that, in spite of our diversity and differences, our team would have shared the belief that it should have successfully completed the assigned task in order to effectively reflect on our individual and group participation in the Forbidden Island experience. However, the experience of playing this game created a group dynamic that ultimately challenged my personal assumption that team members tend to share similar attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours that equally motivate performance driven goal attainment. At the start of the Forbidden Island exercise, our group eagerly opened the brightly coloured tin box that contained many valuable lessons that were yet to be learned. With just a few pages of game rules and instructions, and the contents of the tin box spread out across the table, we quickly found ourselves lost among things like, Treasure Cards, Flood Cards, and Adventure Cards. Using the given resources, we were essentially forced to socialize by learning the process and adopting the attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours required to function as a team of adventurers on the island. At first glance and without any previous experience, playing Forbidden Island appeared to be a rather challenging and complex task; however, being instructed to play at least three iterations of the game afforded our team the opportunity to overcome the stages of socialization with each iteration corresponding to a unique stage. For example, playing a game like Forbidden Island requires the acquisition of certain skills and attitude. Although there is no formal training offered for this game, much of the first iteration, or anticipatory socialization stage, was spent thoroughly reviewing the game’s rules and regulations in an effort to learn the necessary skills and attitudes prior to playing. Although the first iteration was played in a rather chaotic state, the second iteration, or the encounter stage, was played more definitively. At this stage, the members of our team were beginning to demonstrate conformity to the norms of Forbidden Island and to their respective role behaviours. The team was progressively becoming better acquainted with the process of beginning and ending a turn, which also included how and when to â€Å"shore up† a flooded Island tile or what to do when a â€Å"Waters Rise! † card is drawn. As the team played the third iteration, we had finally reached the role management stage of socialization. Each member was able to correctly identify with their adventurer role and special power; however instead of improving and managing their roles in Forbidden Island, several team members decided to not only redefine their roles, but to also redefine the rules and regulations of the game. While in the classroom, the task at hand was to simply learn how to play Forbidden Island, observe the game and team members, and gather information to reflect upon. In its descriptive set of game rules and role descriptions, Forbidden Island establishes specific and definitive norms that team members should adhere to and expect of one another in order to successfully play the game from beginning to end – win or lose. I recognized early on in the game that complying with the rules, or norms, would require a degree of social conformity for compliance on each team member’s behalf. In spite of team members’ individual beliefs, values, and attitudes, reaching the end goal and being able to comprehensively reflect on the Forbidden Island experience was enough of a motivation for me to conform and comply with the norms defined by the game. Regretfully, the others members in the team did not agree that social conformity for compliance would be a step towards successful completion of the game. Needless to say, I was shocked to learn that the other team members had been influenced by groupthink to continue playing Forbidden Island according to their own revised version of the game’s rules. According to goal setting theory, goals are most motivational when they are specific and challenging and when organization members are committed to them† (p. 162). Based on the definition of this theory, the sudden change in the other team members’ attitude, behavior and performance seemed inexplicable at the time. In fact, I found myself quite perplexed, and worried, by the indifference and disinterest of the other team members with respect to following the rules and playing the game. With already juxtaposed goal orientations, it would be difficult to establish a common goal once we had already started playing. Following the learning goal orientation, I was prepared to learn and develop the skills and competencies required to master the game as best as possible. While on the other hand, the other team members were focused on performance-prove goal orientation as they only played the game to win and consequently receive favourable judgment about the outcome of their performances. Research has found that when individuals have not acquired the skill or knowledge to perform tasks, such individuals will also exhibit a decrease in performance goals. It is possible that this finding may be attributed to the other team members’ lack of motivation to perform accordingly, however we had all started on a level playing field and had been given an equal opportunity to acquire the necessary skills or knowledge to participate in this activity. Although it was necessary to develop some new skills to adhere to the norms of Forbidden Island, the team members’ pre-existing skills were not integrated in this experience. We had initially been so overwhelmed and distracted by the game itself that we had neglected the importance of other skills such as, communication, leadership, collaboration, decision-making, and conflict resolution. Perhaps, given the chance to recreate this experience, I would assume a more prominent leadership role within the group. By assuming more of a leadership role, I would give myself a better chance to contribute more effectively to the overall success of the team. Although the group dynamic was disjointed at times, all of the team members were determined to continue playing the game, whether it was by the official rules or not. This behavior can be viewed as disjointed, however I think that it is also indicative of the team members’ overall motivation to continue playing the game in pursuit of their own end goals. Being in a position to emphasize the importance of establishing common end goals may increase the members’ motivation to contribute their skills and knowledge towards their team performance instead of their individual performance. For example, communicating my thoughts on the team’s proximal goal, successfully playing Forbidden Island, and the team’s distal goal, the individual reflections, may create an environment for discussing our thoughts on the task’s end goals and rules of the game. By opening the lines of communication between the team members, the team may be able to collectively reach a mutual understanding or compromise on the common end goal and how to achieve it. Forbidden Island was an experience that truly challenged my personal assumption that team members tend to share similar attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours that equally motivate performance driven goal attainment. In fact, Forbidden Island demonstrated that team members may or may not tend to share similar attitudes, knowledge, or behaviours that may or may not equally motivate performance driven goal attainment. The underlying lessons relating to group dynamic and motivation that are embedded in Forbidden Island are ones that can be applied in all arenas of life, including personal and professional. After working in the corporate world for several years and since beginning the Schulich School of Business MBA program, I have truly realized the pertinence of teamwork. Collaborating in a team dynamic offers a plethora of benefits, especially due to the increasing diversity offered by team members. Although I can appreciate the added value of diverse personalities, cultures, norms, and experiences within a working group, I also appreciate that it is this diversity that often drives people’s motivation for performance and goal attainment. In spite of my appreciation for diversity within the team dynamic, I sometimes feel as though it is this diversity that may threaten my own motivation, performance, and goal attainment. As experienced in the Forbidden Island simulation, the team members in my group and I shared different attitudes and demonstrated different behaviours ultimately affecting, and possibly modifying, how the game was intended to be played. At the time of the simulation, my motivation was strictly driven by obtaining the necessary information to complete the reflection paper and the motivation of the other team members was unknown to me. Regardless of the scenario, real-life or a board game simulation, I have learned that the unknown will inevitably question the attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours that motivate my personal performance especially within a group setting.

Woodstock Music And Art Fair Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Woodstock Music And Art Fair In 1969, the Woodstock Music and Art Fair drew more than 450,000 people to a pasture in Sullivan county. For four days, this site became a "countercultural mini-nation" in which drugs were all but legal, music was plenty, and love was free. The music began Friday afternoon at 5:07 p.m. August 15, and continued until mid-morning Monday August 18. The festival closed the New York State Thruway and created one of the nation's worst traffic jams. It also inspired a bunch of local and state laws to ensure that nothing like it would ever happen again. Woodstock was the idea of four young men: John Roberts, Joel Rosenman, Artie Kornfeld and Michael Lang. The oldest of the four was 26. Their original odea was to have it in Wallkill, New York, but the residents objected so greatly, that the site was then taken to a farm about eight miles outside of Bethel, N.Y. , population 3,900. There was objections from this city as well, but a permit had already been purchased to have a concert, so not much could be done about it. Although the conditions were terrible, (Lack of food, sparse sanitation facilities, drugs and alcohol, mud, to name a few) there were no violent acts at the festival. DRUGS Drugs were a problem at the festival, nearly ninety percent of the people there were smoking marijuana. There were no violence problems though. Approximately one hundred percent of the 33 people arrested were charged with drug-related charges. FOOD Food shortage was a problem since so many people showed up who the festival organizers wree not prepared for. Only 60,000 people were expected to attend, yet on the first day alone, 500,000 frankfurters and hamburgers were consumed. Constant airlifts were being operated from the site and outlying areas, bringing in a total of 1,300 pounds of canned food, sandwiches, and fruit. In fact, the food problems were so great that the Women's Group of the Jewish Community Center of Monticello and the Sisters of the Convent of St. Thomas prepared and distributed 30,000 sandwiches for the festival go-ers.

Superior Donuts by Tracy Letts

Superior Donuts by Tracy Letts Warning: After watching this play, you may be compelled to drive to the nearest donut shop, thereupon eating your fill of bear-claws, maple bars, and old fashioned glazed. At least, that was the effect the play had on me. Theres quite a bit of donut-talk, and were easily persuaded, especially when it comes to dessert. However, Superior Donuts, a 2009 comedy written by Tracy Letts, offers a bit more than sweet talk. About the Playwright Tracy Letts, son of author Billie Letts, is most famous for his Pulitzer Prize-winning play, August: Osage County. He has also written Bug and Man from Nebraska. The aforementioned plays blend dark comedy with an even darker exploration of the human condition. Superior Donuts, in contrast, is lighter fare. Although the play does delve into issues of race and politics, many critics consider Donuts closer to a TV sitcom rather than a brilliant piece of theater. Sitcom comparisons aside, the play features lively dialogue and a final act that is ultimately uplifting, albeit a bit predictable at times. The Basic Plot Set in modern-day Chicago, Superior Donuts depicts the unlikely friendship between a down-and-out donut shop owner and his enthusiastic employee, who also happens to be an aspiring author with a serious gambling problem. Franco, the young writer, wants to update the old shop with healthy choices, music, and friendlier service. However, Arthur, the shop owner, wants to remain set in his ways. The Protagonist The main character is Arthur Przybyszewski. (No, we didnt just mash my fingers on the keyboard; that is how his last name is spelled.) His parents immigrated to the U.S. from Poland. They opened the donut shop which eventually Arthur took over. Making and selling donuts has been his lifelong career. Yet, even though he is proud of the food he makes, he has lost his optimism for running the day-to-day business. Sometimes, when he doesnt feel like working, the shop stays closed. Other times, Arthur doesnt order enough supplies; when he has no coffee the local police, he relies on the Starbucks across the street. Throughout the play, Arthur delivers reflective soliloquies in between the regular scenes. These monologs reveal several events from his past that continue to haunt his present. During the Vietnam War, he moved to Canada to avoid the draft. In his middle-age years, Arthur lost contact with his young daughter after he and his wife divorced. Also, at the beginning of the play, we learn that Arthurs ex-wife recently died. Even though they had been apart, he is deeply affected by her death, thus adding to his lethargic nature. The Supporting Character Every crotchety curmudgeon needs a pollyanna to balance things out. Franco Wicks is the young man who enters the donut shop and ultimately brightens Arthurs perspective. In the original cast, Arthur is portrayed by Michael McLean, and the actor poignantly wears a T-shirt with a yin-yang symbol. Franco is the yin to Arthurs yang. Franco walks in seeking a job, and before the interview is over (although the young man does most of the talking, so its not a typical interview) Franco has not only landed the job, he has suggested a variety of ideas that could improve the store. He also wants to move up from the register and learn how to make the donuts. Eventually, we learn that Franco is enthusiastic not simply because he is an ambitious up-and-coming businessman, but because he has huge gambling debts; if he doesnt pay them off, his bookie will make sure that he gets hurt and loses a few fingers. "America Will Be" Arthur resists and occasionally resents Francos improvement suggestions. However, the audience gradually learns that Arthur is a pretty open-minded, educated guy. When Franco wagers that Arthur would not be able to name ten African American poets, Arthur starts off slowly, naming popular choices like Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou, but then he finishes strong, rattling off the names and impressing his young employee. When Franco confides in Arthur, revealing that he has been working on a novel, a turning point is reached. Arthur is genuinely curious about Francos book; once he finishes reading the novel he takes a more vested interest in the young man. The book is titled America Will Be, and although the audience never learns much about the novels premise, the books themes profoundly impact Arthur. By the plays end, the protagonists sense of courage and justice have been reawakened, and he is willing to make great sacrifices to save Francos physical and artistic life.

Avoid These 15 Career Mistakes If You Want to Get and Keep a Job

Avoid These 15 Career Mistakes If You Want to Get and Keep a Job If love is a battlefield (and we all know it is, thanks to Pat Benatar), then the career world is a minefield. There’s the resume and interview process, but the dangers don’t end once you’re hired and installed comfortably in a cubicle somewhere. Let’s take a look at some of the most common career mistakes throughout the job cycle, and what you can do to try to avoid them. 1. Before You’re Hired2. On the Job3. On Your Way Out4. Your Future CareerBefore You’re HiredThe clock for potential missteps kicks off the second you decide to apply for a job. Here’s what you should be wary of doing:1. Making blatant mistakes in the cover letter/resume.In many cases, your cover letter is your first chance to make an impression on the recruiter or hiring manager. If you go in with a bunch of obvious errors (or one really egregious one), this suggests that you might be as sloppy an employee as you appear as a candidate. Always check everything thorou ghly for typos, and if possible, have a trusted friend or family member read over any materials you’re going to release to the world.I have a friend who made the most horrible typo possible, accidentally leaving a super-vulgar mistyped word in a cover letter to a company that, shall we say, wasn’t very likely to laugh off such a word appearing in communication with them. Needless to say, he never got a call for an interview at that place. Trust me, it’s worth it to spend the time to write and revise your resume, engineering it down to every word.2. Addressing the wrong person/company.Dear Sir at Widget Company, I was excited to hear about an opening at your company. I’ve always wanted to work at Widgets R Us. I anxiously await your response. [Spoiler alert: no interview forthcoming.]3. Phoning-in the interview.Whether you don’t really want this job after all, or you think you can coast because you’re very qualified, don’t take anythin g for granted. Always bring your A-game to any interview. Even if the job is unlikely to pan out, it’s good practice, and the people who take the time to talk with you about the job will appreciate your engagement and enthusiasm.4. Not following up with a thank you.Whether the interview went awesome or terribly, always follow up quickly with a thank you note. Manners go a long way, and you never know when you’ll come across the same people in the course of a future job search.5. Being too aggressive (or not aggressive enough).The Goldilocks approach works here. Don’t go in, all iron-grip handshake and unblinking eye contact. Also don’t go in looking at the floor and answering only direct questions. Try to find a happy medium where you’re confident, but not challenging every interviewer you meet to a staring contest.6. Talk money too early in the hiring process.As the old saying goes, â€Å"he who shoots first, loses.† If you bring up salary before the company is ready to make an offer, you can come off as mercenary- or worse, you can unintentionally limit your negotiating power after you have an offer in hand. Leave the interview process for getting to know the job and presenting yourself as the best candidate, and keep the negotiating for later. There’s no real upside to discussing money early in the process, and many opportunities for it to blow back on you.7. Not negotiating at all. No matter how grateful you are to get a job, always try to negotiate the best possible salary and benefits. Companies expect this, and as long as your requests are reasonable, it’s a must-do once you have a job offer. If you don’t negotiate and try to build on the initial offer, the only one you’re hurting is yourself.On the JobOnce you’ve got the job, don’t get too complacent- you still need to be careful about making mistakes. This doesn’t necessarily mean that you need to be perfect at all times, and that errors won’t sometimes happen in the course of your job. These are more the situations to avoid in the workplace.8. Making decisions purely based on money.If you love your job but jump ship for the first opportunity that comes along and pays better, you could live to regret that. Make sure that major decisions (like accepting a job somewhere else or deciding to leave) are backed up by a number of factors you’ve considered, including salary, benefits, your overall level of happiness, and your career goals9. Keeping your head down.Working hard is super important, but you know what else is too? Connecting with coworkers. You don’t have to be best buds, but making a nominal effort to get your coworkers can really help you later on. Not only do you get comfortable with people whose faces you see every day, but you never know when an ally will come in handy in the office. Quash those introvert tendencies and make small talk the next time you find y ourself waiting at the copier with â€Å"Tim†¦uh, Something from accounting.†10. Limiting your network to people you work with.It’s great to get to know people at every level in your company (see #9). However, don’t fall into a trap where your entire active network is located within your office’s four walls. Part of the beauty of having a network is getting information and opportunities from other places, so why limit yourself? If your LinkedIn profile is mostly people you see at least four times a week at the watercooler, it’s time to branch out and start making connections with people at other companies.11. Avoiding difficult situations.Challenges are excellent experience builders. Fear of failing can make us more likely to avoid taking on unfamiliar projects and goals, but you could be hurting yourself in the long run to keep things smooth in the short term. You’re unlikely to learn new skills or gain experience if you stick narrowly to your job description. It’ll also leave you with fewer instances where you can point to genuine growth and problem solving skills.12. Not owning up to mistakes.Not wanting to get in trouble with the boss is a pretty valid feeling. However, I’m assuming that you’re human. And accordingly, mistakes will happen at some point. It’s how you deal with those that can make or break your reputation. Don’t be the person who starts looking for someone to throw under the bus when things are going wrong. Be the one who says, â€Å"this is what’s wrong, here’s how we’re going to approach this, and here’s how this will be handled moving forward.†Not only that, but you also don’t want to earn a reputation as someone who trashes coworkers to make yourself look better. If you’re leading a group and others dropped the ball, it shows better leadership skills to take responsibility for the group’s performance a nd move on than to sit there pointing fingers at everyone else.13. Saying yes to everything.This is a tough one. You want to seem like an uber-employee, able to handle everything that comes your way. However part of being that uber-employee is knowing your limits, and being able to manage priorities. Getting overwhelmed is never going to be helpful- not for you, and not for anyone who’s counting on you to do the things you said you’d do.On Your Way Out Oh, did you think that once you’ve decided to leave your job, it no longer matters what you do? Nope, you’re still on the hook. There’s still potential for things to go awry.14. Burning bridges.This popsicle stand may be blown (or about to be), but no matter how resentful or angry you feel about your soon-to-be-former job, it’s in your best interest to be gracious until your last second in the office. You never know who you’ll come across again in the future, so you don’t want th e lingering impression to be, â€Å"Oh, I remember that person. What a jerk!†Your Future CareerThere’s one more mistake you don’t want to make, and this one has nothing to do with what you’re currently doing; it has to do with limiting your future career options.15. Letting inertia get the better of you.Are you still at your job because you don’t want to rock the boat and try to leave? Are you sacrificing career goals in the interest of stability? According to Forbes’s Liz Ryan, this â€Å"falling asleep† is one of the deadliest things that can happen in your career. Always be on the lookout for new opportunities, and find ways to make these opportunities work so that you can take advantage.Taken individually, none of these career mistakes are likely to translate into being career killers. But if you’re more aware of the consequences of even the smallest career pitfalls, you’ll be that more adept in getting right around them.

Healthcare Professionals Assuming Active Administrative Roles Annotated Bibliography

Healthcare Professionals Assuming Active Administrative Roles - Annotated Bibliography Example The section introduces healthcare’s complexity and its suggestion for medical practitioners to assume administrative roles. This is because they have adequate information and experience regarding what the field entails contrary to politicians or other policymakers. The latter groups do not have the necessary experience coupled with knowledge on how to promote the fields’ effective professional practices and ethics (Belluz, 2011). Since, besides their varied specializations, they can also receive additional education regarding management through induction. This is especially in the sections that entail their involvement. This section also offers adequate literature regarding present changes characterizing healthcare, which entails doctors’ involvement especially in assuming managerial posts. The section highlights the essence of doctors undertaking extra courses or inductions meant to refine their administrative skills. This is especially in the sections that considerably entail their involvement, for instance, being administrators. Hence, promote service delivery not only in the confinements of the healthcare facility but also outside where practitioners ought to attend while checking out patients as specified by HMO. This is an essential section because its core purpose focuses on augmenting practitioners’ knowledge, hence refine their skills to become remarkable clinical leaders. This subsection compares former federal’s proposition of increasing professionals’ distribution across the state to training the available doctors.

High-level and Low-level Languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High-level and Low-level Languages - Essay Example The programming languages that are very similar to machine code (such as 0s and 1s) are acknowledged as low-level programming languages. Basically, in these languages the program instructions are written in binary form. In addition, low-level programming languages offer the programmer a high level control over hardware however they require a deep knowledge of the internal structure of the hardware to be used. These programming languages are not normally used by the programmers because it is very difficult to learn and understand them. High-level Languages The programming languages that are very similar to the human languages (e.g. like English language) are acknowledged as the high-level languages. The examples of high-level languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, C++ etc. These languages are similar to the English language. In other words, it is relatively easy to understand the code written in high level programming languages. In these languages, program instructions are written using English words, for instance print, input, square etc. However, each high-level programming language has its own rules or grammar for writing program instructions. These rules are called syntax of the language. In addition, the program written in high-level language must be translated to machine code before they are executed on the computer. For this purpose, each high-level language has its own translator program, which converts the code of that source language into the computer understandable form. Advantages of High-Level Languages There are many advantages of high-level programming languages. Some of the most important advantages are outlined below: (ninja craze, 2012; Lee, 2000) Easy to Learn In view of the fact that the high level programming languages are similar to human languages thus they are very easy to learn as compared to low-level languages. The instructions written for the program are similar to English like statements. Easy to understand The program written in high-level language by one programmer can easily be understood by another programmer or person because the program instructions are similar to the English language statements. In this way, if a software application has been developed using a high level programming language can be modified by another programmer later on. Easy to write programs In a high-level languag

Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Lab Report Essay Heat it to 90 C and hold this temperature for 10 minutes. 2. Cool it to 50 C in a bath of ice water. 3. Shake the culture bacteria to free it from lumps and add to the milk. 4. Transfer the inoculated milk into the beaker or jar. Cover. 5. Incubate the milk for 4 hours at 43 to 46 degrees until clotted. Clotting of milk indicates the bacteria utilized the sugars and underwent fermentation. 6. Chill for 1 – 2 hours 7. Stir the yogurt to make the texture smooth. 8. Package and consume III. Results and Discussion Kind of Milk| Taste| Color| Texture| Smell| Low- fat milk| Yogurt-like| Beige| Smooth| Sour| Full-cream milk| Very Sour| Beige| Thick| Very sour| In the table above, the reason why there were only 2 kinds of milk is because 2 groups used low fat milk and the other 2 used full-cream milk. As being compared from the table above, using full-cream milk caused the taste and the smell of the product (yogurt) to be extra sour. Yogurt is naturally sour because of the acid present in it. Also, the full-cream milk caused the texture to be thicker compared to the yogurt used with low-fat milk. Even though different kinds of milk were used, the color of the yogurt was the same, which was Beige. IV. Conclusion Based on the given results and discussion of the data, the characteristics (taste, color, texture, and smell) of the yogurt will depend on what kind of milk will be used for the yogurt making process. V. Recommended If one were to do the same experiment above, the group would recommend that they use low-fat milk to make their own yoghurt.

Computers: Past, Present And Future :: Information Technology

I have been using computers for as long as I can remember, whether it is for entertainment use or work use, computers are part of our everyday lives. They have an effect on almost everything you do. When you buy groceries at a supermarket, a computer is uesed with laser and barcode technology to scan the price of each item and present a total. Barcoding items (clothes, food and books ) requires a computer to generate the barcode labels and maintain the inventory. Most televison advertisiments and many films use graphics produced by a computer. In hospitals, bedide terminals connected to the hospital's main computer allow doctors to typw in orders for blood tests and to schedule operations. Banks use computers to lool after their customers' money. In libraries and bookshops, computers can help to find the book you want as quikly as possible. This has not always been the case though; computers did not always exist, and are continuously changing to this day. I think one group said it best,† Companies promote it for their employees. Parents demand it for their children. Those who have it believe they have a competitive edge. Those who don't have it seek it out. "It" is a computer. We are rapidly becoming a "computer society" Until recently computers were found only in environmentally controlled rooms behind locked doors. Only computer professionals dared enter these secured premises. In contrast today computers are found in millions of homes and just about every office. In fact there is a computer for one in every eight people in the world. Eventually all of us will have at least one computer and will use it every day for work and leisure.† -EYAL POLAD, YARON TWENA, DORON FREIBERG, and GILAT ELIZOV. Role of Computers in the Past â€Å"There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.† –Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 First Generation Almost everything invented or created, has one specific person who has been credited with their invention or creation, but this is not so with the computer. Many people throughout history have added their part to the computer. This could include programs to help the computer run better or faster, some created different kinds of computers, but either way they contributed to the computer we know today. The first â€Å"computer† was developed in 1936 by Konrad Zuse and was named Z1.

Should Recycling Be Required by Law?

PRO MANDATORY RECYCLING * â€Å"Recycling is so beneficial for our planet that it should definitely be required. In an ideal world, everyone would voluntarily recycle, but let's face it: That's never going to happen. It makes me so angry when I watch students in my school throw their plastic water bottles in the trash can when there is a recycling can right next to it! * â€Å"Nearly 70 million tons of material are kept away from landfills each year thanks to recycling, according to the National Recycling Coalition. â€Å"If we have just 30 percent of the population recycling, we'd reduce greenhouse gas emissions as much as if we removed 25 million cars from the road! Imagine how many greenhouse gas emissions we could get rid of if everyone recycled. * â€Å"It's so easy to recycle, and if more people do it, then it becomes more cost-effective. Some people against mandatory recycling say that it's costly, but recycling is a less expensive process if more people are involved.In fa ct, two years after New York City decided that mandatory recycling was a drain on the city — costing $40 million — they discovered that a redesigned, more efficient recycling system could actually save the city $20 million! New York City has now signed a 20-year recycling contract. * â€Å"We need to get more cities and states on board with mandatory recycling. In addition to helping the environment, recycling programs help stimulate the economy by creating more jobs. The benefits of mandatory recycling far outweigh the drawbacks, and it's up to you, CosmoGIRL! eaders, to get your cities on board! Write to your local official and let her or him know how you feel about mandatory recycling. Your actions can make all the difference! † —Laura Carusco, 18, New York City, NY ANTI MANDATORY RECYCLING * â€Å"Mandatory recycling is one of the newest fads in the ‘go green' movement. But what you may not realize is that it's also one of the most costly and w asteful activities to infiltrate America. * â€Å"Contrary to what most people think, recycling does not save irreplaceable sources. Take a look at the current prices for everyday items, like paper.According to the concept of supply and demand, since the price is so cheap, there must be a large supply that backs it up. For example, a pack of notebook paper ranges from just 20 cents to 50 cents. If we were at risk of running out of trees, the price would be much higher. * â€Å"Also, by using less of one resource, we are inevitably using more of others. Daniel K. Benjamin, senior associate of the Property and Environment Research Center, stated in a report that â€Å"on average, curbside recycling is 35 to 55 percent more costly nationwide than conventional disposal. Benjamin goes on to say that in Seattle, where the council decided to make recycling mandatory, they are wasting resources by charging too much for trash pickup and not charging enough for recycling pickup. Also, thin k about all of the extra pollution caused by the recycling pickup trucks! It's like having a garbage truck come through twice a week instead of just once. * â€Å"It's also a misconception that we're running out of room in our landfills. There is enough room just in America to last us for years, and we can always add landfills.Another misconception is that our trash is harmful, but according to the Environmental Protection Agency, a cancer-related death due to modern landfills only occurs about once every 50 years. Cancer causes over half a million deaths a year in the United States alone, so one cancer-related death every 50 years doesn't even compare. * â€Å"Although voluntary recycling has its benefits, it is completely unnecessary and wasteful to make it mandatory. † —Aliza Sajjad, 18, Concord, CA

Men are from Mars, Women Are from Venus Essay

This is the title of the 1990’s Best Selling book which tells that Men and Women are different in their own natural ways. But nowadays, most of the people think that sometimes this is not applicable to both genders. Dual Personality is very common and frequently seen in these days. In fact, Male Vanity is widely experience by most of the men. They are typically described as ‘vain’ in the way they take excessive measures in making sure they always look gorgeous in social situations, quietly suffer from stress levels that are more taxing than what women experience for the same thing, according to researchers. A lot of women wonder how do men became meticulous and how to identify if a man is already becoming vain. So here’s some of my observations regarding with the reasons why a lot of men are experiencing male vanity and the signs of being vain. Women are known for being beauty conscious. We really like to have fair and white skin, looking sexy and gorgeous all the time and to be beautiful inside and out. And to achieve these things, we sometimes depend on beauty products, herbal medicines and Derma Clinics. But nowadays, the rise of male grooming has led to men taking almost twice as many electrical items with them as women, based on new researches. Beauty Products for men are frequently seen on TV ads. They are answering the demand with products streamlined for the male consumer. Clinique has developed an entire line of skin care products exclusively for men. Their ‘All About Eyes’ cream ‘diminishes the appearance of eye puffs, darkness and fine lines.’ They point out that the cream-gel ‘actually helps hold eye makeup in place.’ Yes. We’re still talking about the men’s line. Generally, looking clean and pressed is a good idea. But applying expensive moisturizers, powders and creams before and after bedtime is another thing. Should we call it ‘Vanity’? I guess so. Most of the propagandas that women usually read has reached men. Especially in terms of Diet and Health. We can say that a man that is considered vain is also a diet-crazed. A basic guy’s activities to maintain his good health like sports, balance diet and manual labor are enough to offset a normal diet. But if a man knows about yoga, ab cruncher, pilates or a guy who works for better biceps have no purpose for bigger biceps other than self-admiration is not normal anymore. In terms of their outer looks, Fashion and pop culture have a lot to do with the change. The ultra-slim silhouette and skinny jeans that hit the high-fashion world several years ago have infiltrated men’s departments in mainstream stores like Banana Republic and Old Navy. And because of social media websites like Facebook and Twitter, men constantly are confronted with photos of fit male celebs. Men like to live up to a certain standard, a certain level of providing income. The image of a career, however, has become more important than the actual work. Today, men seek clean, domesticated, polite, sedentary jobs. Fathers used to be firemen, farmers and construction workers, which meant getting their hands dirty. Plastic surgery clinics are reporting a surge in business from men seeking a helping hand to stave off the ageing process. And men aren’t just interested in looking younger, but also thinner and more polished. It is no surprise then that according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS), nearly 171,000 Americans under the age of 18, had some form of plastic surgery in 2000 – with the most common operation being rhinoplasty or surgery to change the size or shape of the nose. Joshua Parilla, 25 years old and a call center agent was asked if he shows some signs of being vain as what people had observe to him. And he replied, â€Å"I visit the Parlor twice a month because I want to have a different styles of haircut. Then I visit a massage spa at least once a month as a reward for myself every time I receive my monthly salary. And sometimes I went to a Derma Clinic to maintain my good skin. And I must admit it.† Not only the ordinary men experienced Vanity but also the once who we did not expect to be vain. I had watched a show titled Palaban, hosted by Mareng Winnie Monsod, Malou Mangahas and Miriam Quiambao. Palaban discusses male vanity with Dr. Kho, actor-model Alfred Vargas, Navotas Mayor Toby Tingco, cosmetic surgeon Dr. Manny Calayan and Carole Sarthou of market research firm Synovate Philippines. Women swoon over them and some of their secrets are regimen that includes regularly going to the gym, use of skin care products, getting a hot oil treatment, and even having cosmetic laser treatment. Some of them have taken to stuffing their bag with their own â€Å"kikay kit† (vanity kit). They use products intended for women too. So now, who says only women can be vain? It seems that Vanity truly changed the name of men. And the rise of Male Grooming has changed the point of views of many people. Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus but we are on Earth so there’s no boundaries here. Self-improvement is a good thing as it makes us feel more confident when we face the world. However, our confidence is and should always be in our own selves as individuals.

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript The  dollar sign ($)  and the  underscore  (_) characters are JavaScript identifiers, which just means that they identify an object in the same way a name would.  The  objects they identify include things such as variables, functions, properties, events, and objects. For this reason, these characters are not treated  the same way as other special symbols. Instead, JavaScript treats  $  and  _  as if they were  letters of the alphabet. A JavaScript identifier  - again, just a name for any object  - must start with a lower or upper case letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also include digits (0-9).  Anywhere that an alphabetic character is allowed in JavaScript, 54 possible letters are available: any lowercase letter (a through z), any uppercase letter (A through Z), $ and _. The Dollar ($) Identifier The dollar sign is commonly used as a shortcut to the function document.getElementById(). Because this function is fairly verbose and used frequently in JavaScript, the $ has long been used as its alias, and  many of the libraries available for use with JavaScript create a  $()  function that references an element from the DOM if you pass it the id of that element. There is nothing about $ that requires it to be used this way, however. But it has been the convention, although there is nothing in the language to enforce it. The dollar sign $ was chosen for the function name by the first of these libraries because it is a short one-character word, and $  was least likely to be used by itself as a function name and therefore the least likely to clash with other code in the page. Now multiple libraries are providing their own version of the $() function, so many now provide the option to turn off that definition in order to avoid clashes.   Of course,  you dont need to use a library to be able to use $(). All you need to substitute $() for document.getElementById() is to add a definition of the $() function to your code as follows: function $(x) {return document.getElementById(x);} The Underscore _ Identifier   A convention has also developed regarding the use of _, which is frequently used to preface the name of an objects property or method that is private. This is a quick and easy way to immediately identify a private class member, and it is so widely used, that almost every programmer will recognize it. This is particularly useful in JavaScript since defining fields as private or public is done without the use of the  private and public keywords (at least this is true in the versions of JavaScript used in web browsers - JavaScript 2.0 does allow these keywords). Note that again, as with $, the use of _ is merely a convention and is not enforced by JavaScript itself. As far as JavaScript is concerned, $ and _ are just ordinary letters of the alphabet. Of course, this special treatment of $ and _  applies only within JavaScript itself. When you test for alphabetic characters in the data, they are treated as special characters no different from any of the other special characters.

Hawksbill Sea Turtle Facts

Hawksbill Sea Turtle Facts The hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) has a beautiful carapace, which caused this turtle to be hunted nearly to extinction. Here you can learn about the natural history of this species.   Hawksbill Turtle Identification The hawksbill turtle grows to lengths of 3.5 feet long and weights of up to 180 pounds. Hawksbill turtles were named for the shape of their beak, which looks similar to the beak of a raptor. The hawksbill was prized for its shell, which was used in combs, brushes, fans and even furniture. In Japan, hawksbill shell is referred to as bekko. Now the hawksbill is listed under Appendix I in CITES, which means that trade for commercial purposes is banned. In addition to its beautiful shell and hawklike beak, other identifying features of the hawksbill turtle include overlapping scutes, and 4 lateral scutes on each side of its carapace, a narrow, pointed head, and two visible claws on their flippers.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ReptiliaOrder: TestudinesFamily: CheloniidaeGenus: EretmochelysSpecies: imbricate Habitat and Distribution Hawksbill turtles occupy a large range that stretches throughout all but the worlds coldest waters. They travel hundreds of miles between feeding and nesting grounds. Major nesting grounds are in the Indian Ocean (e.g., Seychelles, Oman), Caribbean (e.g., Cuba, Mexico), Australia, and Indonesia. Hawsbills  forage around  coral reefs,  seagrass beds, near  mangroves  and in muddy lagoons. Feeding A study by Dr. Anne Meylan of the Florida Marine Research Institute showed that 95% of a hawksbills diet is made up of sponges (read more about hawksbill diet). In the Caribbean, these turtles feed on more than 300 sponge species. This is an interesting food choice - sponges have a skeleton made of needle-shaped spicules (made of silica, which is glass, calcium or protein), which essentially means, as James R. Spotila said in his book Sea Turtles, a hawkbills stomach is filled with small glass shards. Reproduction Female hawksbills nest on beaches, often under trees and other vegetation. They lay about 130 eggs at a time, and this process takes 1-1.5 hours. They will go back out to sea for 13-16 days before laying another nest. Hatchlings weigh .5 ounce when they hatch, and then spend their first 1-3 years at sea, where they may live on rafts of Sargassum. During this time they eat algae, barnacles, fish eggs, tunicates and crustaceans. When they reach 8-15 inches, they move closer to shore, where they eat primarily sponges as they grow larger. Conservation Hawksbill turtles are listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Redlist. The list of threats to hawsbills is similar to that of the other 6 turtle species. They are threatened by harvesting (for their shell, meat and eggs), although trade bans seem to be helping the population. Other threats include habitat destruction, pollution, and bycatch in fishing gear. Sources CITES. Status of Trade in Hawksbill Turtles (Online). CITES Web Site. Accessed February 20, 2011, as of August 2015, no longer accessible.Mortimer, J.A Donnelly, M. 2008. Eretmochelys imbricata (Online) IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. Accessed on February 20, 2011.NOAA Fisheries. Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Accessed August 10, 2015.Spotila, James R. Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior and Conservation 2004. The Johns Hopkins University Press.Turtles.org The Atlantic Green Turtle (Online). Accessed February 16, 2011.Waller, Geoffrey, ed. SeaLife: A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. 1996.

Why are you considering The Ohio State University Essay - 1

Why are you considering The Ohio State University - Essay Example The University’s customized approach to serving the needs of all students regardless of their social, economic and cultural differences is congruent with my values. Ohio State University research equipment and knowledge provision will lay a strong professional foundation that is necessary for my career path. I am intelligent, empathetic, tenacious and highly motivated. In addition, nothing deters me from accomplishing my goals due to my courage, determination and a strict focus on my priorities. I am outgoing and a team player and take pride in what I do. I believe that by joining Ohio State University I will be able to exploit my potential in both academics and other extracurricular activities. Through constructive interactions, my background as an international student will provide an innovative perspective in the University’s search for knowledge. As an Ohio State University student, I will gain relevant professional knowledge to solve complex challenges and also the ability to analyze biomedical issues through different perspectives. I will conduct my studies in accordance with the ethical principles of the University and change lives through the management and leadership qualities I acquire. Ohio State University is an esteemed institution matched by none that will give me a foundation to advance my career in Biomedical Engineering. My first- hand experience as an ALP student at the University has indicated a host of resources that will help me realize my Biomedical Engineering dream. Through the five months as an ALP student, I have acquired written and spoken English skills in a greater way than in my previous studies. Thanks to this experience, I now realize that Ohio State University is a University like no other, and it is my University of choice. An opportunity to further my studies at the University will provide unprecedented skill sets in Biomedical

Analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Analysis - Essay Example Thoreau’s character is discernible from his ability as a writer and philosopher. His principles were strong enough for him to accept a jail term without resistance. As a result, his concept associates with the willingness to suffer, and it manages to transcend through generations. In Thoreau’s opinion, life is about cooperating with good deeds and ensuring that the society is led in a justified manner. Concerning leadership, he asserts, "That government is best which governs least" (Thoreau). He believes that governments are not necessary because they are sometimes, inadvisable. This is evident in the present societal context where governments are oppressive. It is necessary to prioritize right over wrong. One’s conscience must be over the laws that govern a territory. For instance, the laws on slavery were quite oppressive for many slaves, but some White settlers nevertheless encouraged slavery because of the existing policies. According to Thoreau, people should not follow the law if it undermines their dignity. Although evil is unavoidable, one should not indulge or be part of the evil. Thoreau demonstrated this when he refused to pay taxes in rebellion to the tyrannical government (Gross 11). In the present society, the United States engages in war, for instance, the war in Afghanistan. Thoreau sees this as an oppressive process that signifies an unjust government that performs evil actions, even on powerless members in the society. Thoreau confirms that there is no use of reforms in government institutions. Despite the change of regimes and election processes, little change occurs within political circles, and the populace fails to enjoy the accompanying advantages that come with change. Thoreau ideologically distanced himself from the government and its related institutions because of its greed. This is evident in the present society in

Philosophy paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Philosophy paper - Essay Example Their affiliation determines who they like and don't like. If Euthyphro says "What is dear to the gods is pious, what is not is impious" then it would be proven illogical in Socrates' counter argument that Athena and Ares consider the same group of people both pious and impious. These qualities should be universal but they are not. This is the principle of Euthyphro's Dilemma.(Round 3) The gods can agree and be universal in their choices. Definition Round 3 : "the pious is what all gods love.. and what all the gods hate, is the impious†¦" Socrates gives strenuous opposition because the answer is not straight forward. "Is the pious being loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is being loved by the gods?" Euthyphro agrees that it cannot be answered universally. The gods love some things because they are pious or good. This shows that that the god- loved and pious have to be different. The idea of right and wrong have to have an intrinsic anchor. Socrates goes ahead an explains cause and effect. Euthyphro's arguments cannot only be based on the same laws of the physical universe. He based his laws of piety on the same laws of the physical universe. The laws of piety are not rules and regulations which can been governed by gods or bodies of government. The best answer accepted by both Socrates and Euthyphro is to question one because the pious can be immaterial grammatically as it can be a person or an animal. The moment gods like it the "thing becomes pious. The Euthyphro Dilemma is presented by Socrates as showing that pious cannot be grammatically defined as it was done in ancient Greek. 2)If the Universe is like a watch the universe represents a complex organism of parts which function together . Paley never develops the analogy but compares the universe to a rock in the woods and a watch. He uses this comparison to develop his version of the Design argument which is later refuted by Hume's counter arguments. He knows that a rock would not be easily accepted as having a Designer as a creator. Using the watch as an analogy to the comparison to the world assumes that there is a designer to the universe who must be God. Functionality assumes a designer which assumes the existence of God. The watch analogy shows the complexity of natural order and thus an existence of a creator. The natural events in life cannot be contributed to happenstance. Yes a watch has problems as does nature. A watch has a maker though you don't see him. You cannot see the inner workings of the watch though they exist. They have been put together as the universe was put together. They were designed before they were created. The universe functions because of the work of the presence of an omnipotent designer. Even though the watch can have problems in working properly, it was designed in its inception. A perfect example would be the climatic problems we are having in the world. The weather system was designed but it is not working as it s hould. If the watch is missing a battery or needs to be taken to a watch maker because it is no longer keeping proper time, these are two conditions we would not be able to fix because of our lack of understanding. This does not assume that there was not a designer. The casing of the watch as well as all other items in the world have structure, otherwise there would be total chaos. The watch would not be able to hold together its parts. He uses a deductive argument if noticeable things were

The Glass Menagerie Essay Example for Free

The Glass Menagerie Essay Throughout â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† Tennessee Williams creates an intricate dynamic between the three main characters, as well as symbols and symbolic language in order to exemplify the fragility of livelihood. Without a single one of the members of the Wingfield family the other’s lives would be dramatically different. Much as the collection of glass menagerie would not be the same collection without one of its pieces. As many collectors know the presence or absence of one item can drastically change the value of the whole collection. So also is a family unit, as one member affects the others, they form an identity they become accustomed to and often cling to. Amanda exemplifies how vital it is that a family unit stay loyal. After Mr. Wingfield disappeared her life has become a constant struggle in order to survive, a far cry from the Blue Mountain setting she idolizes in her past. Amanda symbolizes a downfall, but she also symbolizes drive for her children, encouraging Laura to blossom into something that they can both be proud of and encouraging Tom to keep his job and support his family until they can fend for themselves at least. Laura symbolizes fear and instability through the first five acts. She failed out of her class, that was a hope for a better future, because of her fear and doesn’t let herself actually try to engage in social interactions for fear that she will be inadequate in another’s eyes. Without Laura to feel sorry for and take care of Tom most likely would have left Amanda on her own in Mr. Wingfield’s footsteps a long time ago. Tom represents unrest and boredom, but he also provides the money and stability for the family to keep living in its present state. Though Tom is uneasy he still gets up in the morning and performs his duties knowing that he is a key member of their family unit, or the most valuable piece in the collection. When Tom and Amanda’s fight breaks some of the pieces of the Glass menagerie it symbolizes the breaking of a family unit, making it less valuable. As the pieces are easy to break so is the bond that holds the  family together as Mr. Wingfield showed how easy it was to separate this bond. As Tom distances himself the strength of the bond becomes less and less strong and it is only a matter of time before it breaks if it is not mended.

Definition essay on computers :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in general have enough problems to deal with. Why should organization add to them? Computers are known to be the key factor of saving people from falling off the edge of their chair every time they were to have to think really hard. If an individual were to purchase a computer he/she should take the following into consideration: â€Å"Will this make my job easier? Do I need extra multimedia capabilities? Will I be using the Internet?† Many people go out and buy a computer without acknowledging what should be included in the purchase.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many businesses and organizations use computers for projects such as graphs, calendars, calculators, word processors, and even filing tax returns online. When calling the doctors office to make an appointment the receptionist will ask for the name. Why is this? By telling a name, the computer automatically searches and pulls up the medical history, address, age, etc. Without this technology, people would have to file space consuming papers manually, and, in addition, try to read doctors’ handwritings. Computers in today's businesses allow us to make clerical work easier.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Getting down to really utilizing the PC consists of using Microsoft Office, including Power Point Presentations, Word, Excel, Outlook, Works, Frontpage, etc.. Networking the computers gives selective access to certain individuals such as: the President of Microsoft, store manager, or a janitor. If a company grants its employees access to a computer they may expand with certain accessories that can be installed, or plugged into your computer. If one were to go camping and take pictures, but wanted to post the Kodak pictures on the family web site, it wouldn’t be a problem using the computer. There now are picture scanners that make fully digitalized photos on the computer screen from normal camera film. Making a webpage is not a hard task. The computer includes a modem that is plugged into the PCI slot. It is used to connect the computer through the phone line to millions of other users that are signed on to the internet at the same time. Both of these computer accessories help make life a little easier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The internet holds a vast amount of different topics to look up in its huge library of knowledge. One could find anything from how to make a bomb to geneology. There are many different types of search engines to look up these topics. Basically, one word is typed, and many related topics are pulled up on the screen to choose from. It saves a trip to library and looking up call numbers, and

Gross Negligence Manslaughter Essay

â€Å"In our judgement the law is clear. The ingredients of the offence have been clearly defined, and the principles decided in the House of Lords in Adomako . They involve no uncertainty. The hypothetical citizen, seeking to know his his position, would be advised that, assuming he owed a duty of care to the deceased which he had negligently broken, and that death resulted, he would be liable to conviction for manslaughter if, on the available evidence, the jury was satisfied that his negligence was gross. â€Å" Per Judge LJ R. v. Misra and Srivastava [2004] EWCA Crim 2375 para 64 (in the Court of Appeal Criminal Division) In light of the above comments, consider the elements of the offence of Gross Negligence Manslaughter and, referring to relevant authority, critically assess whether the current law in this area is certain and satisfactory. This paper is going to consider elements of the offence of Gross Negligence Manslaughter and will assess, whether the current law in this area is certain and satisfactory. In order to discuss whether the law governing Gross Negligence Manslaughter is in a certain and satisfactory state, I need to first consider its elements and then look at the current law, outlining the problems, and lastly discuss the proposed changes. Gross negligence manslaughter is a form of involuntary manslaughter where the defendant is apparently acting lawfully. Involuntary manslaughter may arise where the defendant has caused death but neither intended to cause it nor intended to cause serious bodily harm and therefore lacks the mens rea of murder. Whereas constructive manslaughter happens where the defendant commits an unlawful act which results in death, gross negligence manslaughter does not depend on representing an unlawful act has been committed. It can be said to apply where the defendant commits a lawful act in such a way as to render the actions criminal. Gross negligence manslaughter also differs from constructive manslaughter in that it can be committed by omission. The leading authority for gross negligence manslaughter is decision of the House of Lords in Adomako (1994) , where doctor Adomako’s actions of negligence caused his patient’s death. It was decided by Lord Mackay, that liability for this type of manslaughter arises where the jury decides that â€Å"Having regard to the risk of death involved, the conduct of the defendant was as bad in all the circumstances as to amount in their judgement to a criminal act or omission† In Adomako, House of Lords decided that gross negligence test is correct to use in all cases where duty of care has been broken. According to Adomako case, the following elements are considered to be a form of this involuntary manslaughter: the existence of a duty of care, breach of that duty resulting in death and gross negligence which the jury consider justifies criminal conviction. I will now study the first element of the gross negligence manslaughter offence which is duty of care. The criminal law recognise certain duty situations, Adomako itself involved a breach of duty owed by a hospital anaesthetic towards a patient (under a contract of employment). The requirement of a duty of care is fundamentally a civil law concept found in the law of tort. (Wacker [2003]). D owes a duty of care not to injure anyone whom he or she could reasonably foreseeably injure. Applying that to this context, there is a duty of care if there was a risk that an act or omission of the defendant might kill the victim. As it is a legal concept, it is for the judge to decide whether a set of facts gave rise to a duty of care. When bearing in mind the Adomako, the House of Lords approved the case of Stone v Dobinson (1977), in which D had undertaken a duty of care. The Miller principle, in turn, was used as the basis of the duty in the recent gross negligence manslaughter of Evans (2009), which decided that a duty may be imposed on those who ‘create or contribute to â€Å"life threatening situation†.. Alan Lidbury, in his book Criminal Law, asks the following question ‘so is the ambit of the offence limited to those who, for whatever reason, have either undertaken or had a duty imposed upon them or should it be wider ’’? Lord Mackay LC, when considering the case of Adomako, said that ‘’the ordinary principles of law of negligence apply to ascertain whether or not D has been in breach of a duty of care towards the victim’’. By looking at the above statement, it is clear that those same principles should apply in determining these people to whom a duty of care is owed. These principles can be found in the leading negligence case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932). In this case, Lord Atkin in the House of Lords said you must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour (†¦) persons who are closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called into question’’. It can be argued that this goes much further than the traditional duty situations. If this examination is correct, then this form of manslaughter has certainly a very wide scope. Nevertheless, the principles of criminal and civil law do not always go well together. This is demonstrated by the case of Wacker (2003), which involved the bodies of 58 illegal immigrants and two survivors which were found in a lorry at Dover. The D was convicted of 58 counts of manslaughter by gross negligence and appealed. He argued that because the illegal immigrants had shared the same purpose as him (gain access to the UK), he did not owe them a duty of care. This argument was rejected by Court of Appeal on the grounds that the public policy issues relating to civil law were different to criminal law and even where there was an fundamental unlawful purpose, he did not prevent criminal responsibility arising. The above case was followed by Willoughby (2004), where the court decided that D, as participant in a joint enterprise, owed the other participant a duty of care. The next element of gross negligence manslaughter which needs to be examined is a breach of duty of care. The ordinary law of negligence applies to these cases, in that those with an established duty of care, must act as a â€Å"reasonable person would do in their position†. If they fail to do so they breach that duty. This is called an objective test and will be grounded upon defendant’s situation at the time of the breach. Thus, if the defendant’s actions were within the range of what was commonly accepted as being the standard practice, it will be problematic to describe such behaviour as falling far below the standard of a reasonable person in his position. An unqualified person is not to be judged at a lower standard than a qualified person. Hence the absence of skill will not be a defence if the conduct is considered negligent. If however, the defendant has precise skills and knowledge of a danger that the reasonable person would not have, his actions should be judged in the light of those skills or knowledge. This test is an objective test. In the case of R v DPP ex parte Jones (2000) it was decided that no matter whether the defendant did not escalate the risk (the predictable risk of death) only that the risk would have been obvious to a reasonable person in the defendant’s position. The third and last element to consider is gross negligence. Just demonstrating that D has been in breach of a duty to another person and caused that person’s death will certainly not lead to liability for gross negligence manslaughter. There is something more necessary. In Adomako, the House of Lords confirmed that the correct test for this additional component was ‘‘gross negligence’’. This established a line of case law dating back to Bateman (1925), which as well as Adomako, involved negligent treatment by a doctor which caused patient to die. In this cases, it was explained by Lord Hewart LCJ that in order to establish criminal liability for gross negligence ‘the negligence of the accused went beyond a mere matter of compensation between subjects and showed such disregard for the life and safety of others as to amount to a crime against the state and conduct deserving punishment’’. This passage may be criticised for being somewhat imprecise, it tells the jury to convict if they think that D’s negligence was bad enough to amount to the misconduct. Nevertheless, the Bateman test received approval from the House of Lords in Andrews v DPP (1937), which involved death by extremely negligent driving. The Bateman case has also been approved in Adomako, where Lord Mackay LC stated that it was for the jury to ‘’consider whether the extent to which D’s conduct departed from the proper standard of care incumbent on him (†¦) was such that it should be judged criminal â€Å". Lord Mackay acknowledged that the test â€Å"involves an element of circularity† but was adamant that the matter had to be left to the jury. In Andrews, Lord Atkins at least offered some direction on exactly how ‘bad’ D’s negligence has to be. He said that ‘a very high degree of negligence is required to be proved’. Mere inattention by D would never suffice for criminal liability, D must have had a ‘criminal disregard’ for ‘others’ safety or the grossest unawareness or the most criminal inattention. In Mistra v Srivastava (2004), Court of Appeal held that the components of gross negligence manslaughter involved no vagueness which offended against Article 7 of the European Convention of Human Rights, which provides that â€Å"no one shall be guilty of any criminal offence on the basis of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed (†¦)† It had been argued that the application of the ECHR into British law via Human Rights Act 1998 meant that the principles set in Adomako were no longer a good law. The disagreement was put for the appellants that condition leaves it to the jury to decide a query of law, specifically whether the negligence initiating death amounted to gross negligence and so created a crime. To leave this assessment to be accomplished by different juries at each individual trial affords too little direction to those who owe duties of care. This absence of precision is compounded by indirectness: gross negligence manslaughter is any killing in breach of duty found to be grossly negligent. The disagreement failed. The court did not reflect that the jury had a law-making role when determining, on the facts demonstrated, whether D was guilty of manslaughter on the basis of a negligent breach of burden owed to victim. Whether the negligence was effectively bad as to be â€Å"gross† negligence was a matter of fact. If the jury made a conclusion to this effect, a decision of guilty would follow inevitably on the basis of the conclusion; the verdict of guilt was not something complementary to the outcome. The jury were merely finding facts within the boundaries of a legal standard, and the legal standard was reasonably clear to please the necessities of Article 7. On the face of it, the Article 7 dispute had particular strength. If someone remained to request, say, in what situations would D be said to have â€Å"murdered† V, we could tell our inquirer that, all other things comparable, D murders V if he causes V’s death with intent to kill or to cause really serious bodily harm. If there is time and patience, we could go on and tell him about the history of the courts and the sense of intent, the notions of the law of provocation, etc. But if, sensibly, we restrain ourselves to a simple explanation of the offence, we have specified sufficient proof to allow any person of ordinary personality to stay clear of the rules of the law of homicide. So far if we were enquired by D, a young medic at the beginning of her profession, what she must do if she is not to be sentenced for manslaughter, the discussion would unavoidably be longer. For instance, she might ask what would be her situation if, throughout the path of a widespread of infection, she misdiagnosed V’s meningitis as a case of flu, a fault which leads to the decease of victim. She might additionally ask whether her inexperience and any fatigue from overtask would be factors in her support, or whether it would be applicable if she was seeing many cases of flu at the period which presented signs comparable to those experienced by victim. Undoubtedly we could offer support implied in general terms, but to offer anything impending adequate direction we would need to talk to an experienced and qualified medical consultant to catch some logic of how bad a fault it is to cloud flu with meningitis. Coming to conclusion, the fact of the matter is that if a legal system in the common law practise is to avoid unnecessary particularity in criminal guideline, for many offences it must use, as definitional features, evaluative principles of substantial generality. Regularly, the most the law will say are things like, â€Å"if you drive a car, drive with due care and attention, if you take and retain someone else’s property, and make sure you are acting honestly. Numerous of additional samples could be specified. Wherever the jury is given the concluding say on whether D has failed to encounter such a standard, its task is observed, juridical, as concerning an outcome of fact rather than a judgment of law. Much would be vanished if violations reliant on on such outcomes were to be eliminated from the law. Regrettably, one price to be paid is that individuals matter to laws drafted in this way can only be assumed with comprehensive, â€Å"ball park† advice as to the conditions where they can misbehave against such laws. That seems to be satisfactory to please the necessities of Article 7.

Urbanization and Rural Migrants

DefinitionsUrbanisation: The process in which an increasing proportion of the population live in cities/urban areas. Urban growth: Increase in population size and/or physical size of the towns, cities and other larger urban settlements in a country or a region. Process whereby settlements grow in terms of population number and/or physical size Megacity: A giant metropolis with a population of at least 10 million Slums: A residential area that is physically and socially deteriorated and in which satisfactory family life is impossible. Squatters: Shelters with poor structural quality and developed without legal claims to the land and/or permission from the concerned authoritiesTrends in urbanisationGeneral trends:In 1950, there were two megacities with 10 million or more inhabitants. By 2005, this number has increased to 20 and it is projected that there will be 22 megacities by 2015. Developing countries will have 18 of the 22 megacities in 2015.LEDCs vs MEDCs:Since 1950, the most rap id growth in urbanisation has occurred in LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) in South America, Africa and Asia. Between 1950 and 1990, the urban population in LEDCs has doubled. In China, the urban population grew from 192 million to 375 million in 16 years. However, this is not the case in MEDCs, which instead face the phenomenon of counter-urbanisation where people choose to move away from the bustling city to the quieter rural environment.Positive impacts (Reasons for urbanisation)Wage and employment differentials Economic advancements are better in the city for migrants due to higher wages and increased number of working days. For example, In Dehli, rural migrants’  income increase by 150% compared to those in villages. Job opportunities in the city can also be found in the form of employment in informal sectors such as hawkers selling food by the sidewalks. This requires limited capital as money does not have to be spent on renting a workplace or a stall.The cities provide a greater opportunity for rural migrants to climb the income ladder. The increased wealth will enhance the lives of the migrants and their families as money can be spent on proper food, water, healthcare and even education. If the money is invested well in their children, their families can be brought out of the cycle of poverty, increasing their standard of living in the long run.Access to Amenities and ServicesDue to the close proximity of people in the highly populated cities, it is easier and cheaper to provide amenities that are accessible and affordable to everyone. This is referred to as the economies of scale, hence allowing city dwellers to have better and cheaper access to water and electrical supply. This results in an improvement in their living standards and decreases one’s chance of contracting diseases related to the lack of proper water supply.For example, water pipes and sewers can be constructed within densely populated areas more efficiently than laying long pipelines connecting houses in more dispersed rural settlements. The poor access to basic infrastructure has a disproportionate effect on rural women as they perform most of the domestic chores and often walk long distances to fetch water. The energy spent on getting water can be better channeled to economic activities in urban areas.Future ProspectsPeople are willing to endure short-term difficulties in the hopes of better prospects of economic gain and improved welfare in the longer term, even if only for their children.Economic growthCities are engines of economic growth as they are places where money, services, wealth and manpower are centralized. Cheap labour will attract foreign investors as production cost is low. Through trade and tourism, foreign money will flow into the country, boosting the economy. Urban-based economic activities account for more than 50% of the gross  domestic product (GDP) In all countries. For example, Mumbai, the richest city in I ndia, ha the highest GDP of any city in South, West and Central Asia.Negative impacts (Challenges)Urban unemployment and urban povertyThere is a huge economic income disparity, leaving a huge gap between the rich and the poor in the cities. This is because the rural migrants lack education and the skills required to get a good job. Hence, the inhabitants of the urban areas have better access to the various industries due to the higher levels of education they received, while rural migrants only earn a meager income. This is made worse by the lack of jobs due to the sudden increase in population and workforce in the city. Many rural migrants turn to the ‘informal sector’ as their source of income, where there is no need for them to pay taxes.However, this results in a decrease in the government’s income, which can be used to build and improve infrastructure and provide better amenities and services to the people. For example, in Morocco, street vendors are a commo n sight as these mobile traders do not have to pay rent or municipal tax. However, these informal traders cause small retailers to lose out in the competition and has forced many small businesses in the area to close down.Traffic congestionThe increased income means an increase in private ownership of cars as a form of luxury instead of taking public transportation. However, this leads to traffic congestions during peak hours due to insufficient roads in the transport network, leading to delays and frustrations. It is estimated that in Bangkok, a car spends an average of 44 days per year stuck in traffic. Apart from being a waste of time, it also causes environmental and noise pollution. This affects the quality of life for urban dwellers.Environmental degradationThe increase in private car ownership and other human activities result in air pollution and other forms of environmental degradation such as dumping of chemical waste in waterways. More than 80% of sewage in developing   countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and coastal areas. This makes water unfit for drinking and also upsets the ecosystem. Fumes from exhaust pipes cause the air to be filled with harmful particles that negatively affect the health of urban dwellers, especially those with respiratory difficulties such as asthma.This is a prominent problem in Beijing, where the smog in the air is so thick that it is a cause of worry for the citizens. Smoking causes lead pollution in the air, which has adverse effects on other’s health. The air in New Mexico causes lead levels in babies to be so high that it impairs their brain development. This affects the social wellbeing of the citizens.HousingRapid urbanisation has led to the development of squatter settlements and an informal sector to the economy. By 2050, it is estimated that the world’s population will be 9 billion, of which 3.5 million will be living in slums and squatter settlements. There is a huge demand for housing due to the great increase in urban population. This pushes up the price of housing. Poor rural migrants who are unable to afford proper housing are forced to live in slums or squatters.1. These settlements lack proper sanitation, drainage and disposal systems (dumping ground). The houses are closely packed in a disorderly fashion, and often overcrowded with people. This makes the spread of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis quick and easy, giving rise to a high likelihood of health problems, especially given the unsanitary conditions. 2. There is an inadequate access to clean water and lack of a proper sewage system, allowing water-borne diseases such as cholera and typhoid to be spread easily. (2 million children are killed yearly by water contaminated by sewage.)3. There might be a high incidence of fire breakouts as the close proximity of the houses make it easy for the fire to spread. Furthermore, the disorderly arrangement of houses makes it difficult for s lum residents to escape easily from the fire. 4. Lack of basic amenities and services such as electricity means the need to use oil lamps and kerosene for lighting. This also increases the chance of a fire. 5. Makeshift shelters are built using low quality building materials such as  cardboards, planks, etc. that might be flammable. This encourages a fire breakout, and also means that a fire can cause the residents to lose all their possessions. 6. The lack of a proper drainage system might lead to flooding, especially for slum settlements build on water-retention areas.SolutionsHOUSING:1. (Overcrowding) Curb the flow of rural-urban migration to ensure that the government can cope with the pace and provide the necessary infrastructure required a. Improve living conditions in rural areas such that there will not be a need for rural dwellers to move to the city. b. Indonesian migrants to Jakarta are required to obtain residence cards to prove that they have a job and accommodation i n the city before permission is granted to them to leave the rural areas. 2. (Slums) Improving living conditions of squatter settlements a. â€Å"For a Better Calcutta† in India: The Central Metropolitan Development Authority (CDMA) launched this  £250 million programme to make slums more bearable and the city liveable by installing sanitation and sewers, drinking water and streetlights, health care and education. a.i. 150 000 street lighting points provideda.ii. Provision of 90 litres of water per capita per day. More than 20 000 water tap points and connections have been provided a.iii. Revamp and Renovation of drainage and sewage systems: 45 000 permanent sanitary latrines (1 per 35 people) a.iv. Construction of 600m of paved roads and pathwaysa.v. Gardens, parks and playgrounds on 60 sites are under construction.Provision of subsidized housing and relocationa. Cingapura project, Sao Paulo, Brazila.i. Brazil aims to replace slums with low-rise blocks of flats. They aim t o resettle 92 000 families from 243 slum sites a.ii. Residents pay for the house over a span of 20 years at a low interest rate. 4. Self-Help Schemesa. In Nairobi, Kenya Africa, the World back gives financial support to the  squatters. Building lots are provided and laid out with water, drains, roads lighting and occasionally clinics and schools. Squatters are given modest loans for building materials and are expected to build their own homes on prepared sites. 5. With these interventions, slum and squatter dwellers of urban areas are experiencing an improvement in the living environment.TRAFFIC: 1. Restrictionsa. Curbing vehicle growth by increasing the cost of private car to discourage car ownership. a.i. For example, in SG, potential car owners must pay to bid for a Certificate of Entitlement (COE) b. Reducing congestion by limiting the number of cars on the road. b.i. In Singapore, ERP gantries are set up on frequently congested roads to collect additional road tax during peak hours. b.ii. Beijing restricts certain cars with certain numbers from going on the roads on weekdays 2. Encourage the use of public transport by improving and subsidizing public transport to make it accessible and affordable.MacroconceptsUrbanisation is an inevitable process for a country on its way to development. No country has achieved high-income status without first urbanizing, and nearly all countries become at least 50% urbanized before fully reaching middle-income status. Urbanization plays an important role in economic, political and cultural development, and also provides better access to education, employment and healthcare, hence improving the social wellbeing of the people.Even though urbanisation brings about both advantages and disadvantages, many of the urban problems are results of poor management and planning and the absence of coherent urban policies. For example, in Africa, urban areas are economically stagnant or in recession, hence local authorities do not hav e the money or expertise to provide services such as access to water, housing, education and healthcare. This results in the formation of slums. (70% of Africa’s urban population live in slums) Hence, urbanisation itself is not a problem, and should be encouraged. However, it has to be accompanied with proper planning and  regulation.